Note
Go to the end to download the full example code
NCL_polyg_19.py#
- This script illustrates the following concepts:
Adding lines and polygons to a map
Adding a map to another map as an annotation
Coloring shapefile outlines based on an array of values
Drawing a custom colorbar on a map
Using functions for cleaner code
Overlaying a shape from one shapefile over another
- See following URLs to see the reproduced NCL plot & script:
Original NCL script: https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/Scripts/polyg_19.ncl
Original NCL plot: https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/Images/polyg_19_lg.png
Import packages:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
import matplotlib.colors as colors
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import inset_axes
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import shapefile as shp
import numpy as np
import geocat.datafiles as gdf
import geocat.viz as gv
Read in data:
# Open all shapefiles and associated .dbf, .shp, and .prj files so sphinx can run and generate documents
file1 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_1.dbf"), 'r')
file2 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_1.shp"), 'r')
file3 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_1.shx"), 'r')
file4 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_1.prj"), 'r')
file5 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_2.dbf"), 'r')
file6 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_2.shp"), 'r')
file7 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_2.shx"), 'r')
file8 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_2.prj"), 'r')
file9 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_PRI_0.dbf"), 'r')
file10 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_PRI_0.shp"), 'r')
file11 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_PRI_0.shx"), 'r')
file12 = open(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_PRI_0.prj"), 'r')
# Open the text file with the population data
state_population_file = open(gdf.get("ascii_files/us_state_population.txt"),
'r')
# Open shapefiles
us = shp.Reader(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_1.dbf"))
usdetailed = shp.Reader(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_USA_2.dbf"))
pr = shp.Reader(gdf.get("shape_files/gadm36_PRI_0.dbf"))
Set colormap data and colormap bounds:
colormap = colors.ListedColormap([
'lightpink', 'wheat', 'palegreen', 'powderblue', 'thistle', 'lightcoral',
'peru', 'dodgerblue', 'slateblue', 'firebrick', 'sienna', 'olivedrab',
'steelblue', 'navy'
])
colorbounds = [0, 1, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 25, 38, 40]
norm = colors.BoundaryNorm(colorbounds, colormap.N)
Define helper function to get the populations of each state
def getStatePopulations(state_population_file):
population_dict = {}
Lines = state_population_file.read().splitlines()
for line in Lines:
nameandpop = line.split(" ")
if nameandpop[-1].isnumeric():
name = nameandpop[0]
pop = (int)(nameandpop[-1]) / 1000000
population_dict[name] = pop
return population_dict
Define helper function to get the color of each state based on its population
def findDivColor(colorbounds, pdata):
for x in range(len(colorbounds)):
if pdata >= colorbounds[len(colorbounds) - 1]:
return colormap.colors[x - 1]
if pdata >= colorbounds[x]:
continue
else:
# Index is 'x-1' because colorbounds is one item longer than colormap
return colormap.colors[x - 1]
Define helper function to remove ticks from axes
def removeTicks(axis):
axis.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
axis.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
Define helper function to plot and color each state
def plotRegion(region, axis, xlim, puertoRico, waterBody):
# Create empty lists for filled polygons or" patches" and "water_patches"
patches = []
water_patches = []
# Plot each shape within a region (ex. mainland Alaska and all of it's surrounding Alaskan islands)
for i in range(len(region.shape.parts)):
i_start = region.shape.parts[i]
if i == len(region.shape.parts) - 1:
i_end = len(region.shape.points)
else:
i_end = region.shape.parts[i + 1]
# Create new empty lists to hold lat and lon coordinates
x = []
y = []
# Get every coordinate within every shape (as long as it is within the x coordinate limits)
for i in region.shape.points[i_start:i_end]:
if xlim[0] is not None and i[0] < xlim[0]:
continue
if xlim[1] is not None and i[0] > xlim[1]:
continue
else:
x.append(i[0])
y.append(i[1])
# Plot outline of each region
axis.plot(x, y, color='black', linewidth=0.1, zorder=1)
# Fill each state with color:
# Determine the region to be plotted (Puerto Rico or United States)
if waterBody is False:
if puertoRico is False:
abbrevname = shape.record[-1].split(".")
abbrevstate = abbrevname[1]
else:
abbrevstate = 'PR'
# If the region being plotted is a state with a population
if waterBody is False:
pop = population_dict[abbrevstate]
color = findDivColor(colorbounds, pop)
# Set characteristics and measurements of each filled polygon "patch"
patches.append(
Polygon(np.vstack((x, y)).T,
closed=True,
color=color,
linewidth=0.1))
# If the region being plotted is a body of water with no population
else:
# Set characteristics and measurements of each filled polygon "patch"
water_patches.append(
Polygon(np.vstack((x, y)).T,
closed=True,
color='white',
linewidth=.7))
pc = PatchCollection(patches,
match_original=True,
edgecolor='k',
linewidths=0.1,
zorder=2)
# Plot filled region on axis
axis.add_collection(pc)
wpc = PatchCollection(water_patches,
match_original=True,
edgecolor='white',
linewidth=.8,
zorder=3)
# Plot filled region on axis
axis.add_collection(wpc)
Plot:
# Create figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
spec = gridspec.GridSpec(ncols=1,
nrows=2,
hspace=0.05,
wspace=0.1,
figure=fig,
height_ratios=[2, 1])
# Create upper axis
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(spec[0, 0], frameon=False)
removeTicks(ax1)
# Create lower axis
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(spec[1, 0], frameon=False)
removeTicks(ax2)
# Create three inset axes on lower axis for Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico respectively
axin1 = ax2.inset_axes([0.0, 0.7, 0.30, 0.80], frameon=False)
removeTicks(axin1)
axin2 = ax2.inset_axes([0.40, 0.7, 0.20, 0.40], frameon=False)
removeTicks(axin2)
axin3 = ax2.inset_axes([0.70, 0.7, 0.30, 0.30], frameon=False)
removeTicks(axin3)
# Get population of each state
population_dict = getStatePopulations(state_population_file)
# Plot every shape in the US shapefile
for shape in us.shapeRecords():
if shape.record[3] == 'Alaska':
plotRegion(shape, axin1, [None, 100], puertoRico=False, waterBody=False)
elif shape.record[3] == 'Hawaii':
plotRegion(shape,
axin2, [-161, None],
puertoRico=False,
waterBody=False)
else:
plotRegion(shape, ax1, [None, None], puertoRico=False, waterBody=False)
# Plot every shape in the puerto rico shapefile
for shape in pr.shapeRecords():
plotRegion(shape, axin3, [None, None], puertoRico=True, waterBody=False)
# Plot every body of water shape in the detailed US shapefile
for shape in usdetailed.shapeRecords():
if shape.record[9] == 'Water body':
plotRegion(shape, ax1, [None, None], puertoRico=False, waterBody=True)
# Set title using helper function from geocat-viz
title = r"$\bf{Population}$" + " " + r"$\bf{in}$" + " " + r"$\bf{Millions}$" + " " + r"$\bf{(2014)}$"
gv.set_titles_and_labels(ax1, maintitle=title, maintitlefontsize=18)
# Create fourth inset axis for colorbar
axin4 = inset_axes(ax2, width="115%", height="12%", loc='center')
# Create colorbar
cb = fig.colorbar(cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=colormap, norm=norm),
cax=axin4,
boundaries=colorbounds,
ticks=colorbounds[1:-1],
spacing='uniform',
orientation='horizontal')
plt.show()
Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 12.195 seconds)